Visco supplementation injections seem to have a similar effect as steroid injections, but they are much more expensive and often require multiple injections. The cost/benefit ratio is not appealing.

Platelet concentrate and marrow stem cell injections have shown similar results as steroid injection. They have not shown any evidence of joint preservation or cartilage regeneration. They are expensive.

Prolotherapy is expensive, illogical and has no scientific merit.